if the mouseH > 419 and the mouseH <429 and the mouseV > 270 and the mouseV < 280 then
set lockScreen to true
show card field "Picture Info"
show card button "Pic Info Away"
hide card field "Card Help"
hide card field "Card Title"
hide card button "Help Away"
set lockScreen to false
else
set lockScreen to true
hide card field "Card Help"
hide card field "Card Title"
hide card button "Help Away"
set lockScreen to false
end if
end mouseUp
-- part 5 (field)
-- low flags: 80
-- high flags: 0004
-- rect: left=348 top=6 right=336 bottom=510
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 0
-- font id: 3
-- text size: 9
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 12
-- part name: Picture Info
-- part 6 (button)
-- low flags: 80
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=348 top=6 right=334 bottom=506
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 1
-- font id: 0
-- text size: 12
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 16
-- part name: Pic Info Away
----- HyperTalk script -----
on mouseUp
if the mouseH > 396 and the mouseH <406 and the mouseV > 222 and the mouseV < 232 then
show card field "PreSoc"
show card button "PreSoc Away"
else
set lockScreen to true
hide card field "Picture Info"
hide card button "Pic Info Away"
hide card field "PreSoc"
hide card button "PreSoc Away"
set lockScreen to false
end if
end mouseUp
-- part 7 (field)
-- low flags: 81
-- high flags: 0002
-- rect: left=51 top=260 right=335 bottom=331
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 0
-- font id: 3
-- text size: 9
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 12
-- part name: PreSoc
-- part 8 (button)
-- low flags: 80
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=51 top=260 right=334 bottom=331
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 1
-- font id: 0
-- text size: 12
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 16
-- part name: PreSoc Away
----- HyperTalk script -----
on mouseUp
hide card field "PreSoc"
hide card button "PreSoc Away"
end mouseUp
-- part 10 (button)
-- low flags: 00
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=68 top=78 right=113 bottom=126
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 1
-- font id: 0
-- text size: 12
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 16
-- part name:
----- HyperTalk script -----
on mouseUp
if the commandKey is down then
pass mouseUp
else
set lockScreen to true
show card field "Averroës"
show card field "Averroës Name"
show card button "Averroës Away"
set lockScreen to false
end if
end mouseUp
-- part 11 (field)
-- low flags: 80
-- high flags: 0002
-- rect: left=129 top=8 right=192 bottom=326
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 0
-- font id: 3
-- text size: 9
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 12
-- part name: Averroës
-- part 13 (button)
-- low flags: 00
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=98 top=113 right=189 bottom=142
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 1
-- font id: 0
-- text size: 12
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 16
-- part name:
----- HyperTalk script -----
on mouseUp
if the commandKey is down then
pass mouseUp
else
show card field "Pythagoras"
show card field "Pythagoras Name"
show card button "Pythagoras Away"
end if
end mouseUp
-- part 14 (field)
-- low flags: 81
-- high flags: 0002
-- rect: left=4 top=191 right=339 bottom=508
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 0
-- font id: 3
-- text size: 9
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 12
-- part name: Pythagoras
-- part 15 (field)
-- low flags: 81
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=4 top=191 right=204 bottom=168
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 0
-- font id: 3
-- text size: 9
-- style flags: 256
-- line height: 12
-- part name: Pythagoras Name
-- part 17 (field)
-- low flags: 80
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=128 top=8 right=22 bottom=261
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 0
-- font id: 3
-- text size: 9
-- style flags: 256
-- line height: 12
-- part name: Averroës Name
-- part 19 (button)
-- low flags: 00
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=39 top=134 right=236 bottom=86
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 1
-- font id: 0
-- text size: 12
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 16
-- part name:
----- HyperTalk script -----
on mouseUp
if the commandKey is down then
pass mouseUp
else
set lockScreen to true
show card field "Empedocles"
show card field "Empedocles Name"
show card button "Empedocles Away"
set lockScreen to false
end if
end mouseUp
-- part 20 (field)
-- low flags: 81
-- high flags: 0002
-- rect: left=58 top=219 right=334 bottom=352
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 0
-- font id: 3
-- text size: 9
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 12
-- part name: Empedocles
-- part 21 (field)
-- low flags: 81
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=58 top=218 right=234 bottom=177
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 0
-- font id: 3
-- text size: 9
-- style flags: 256
-- line height: 12
-- part name: Empedocles Name
-- part 23 (button)
-- low flags: 00
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=190 top=45 right=251 bottom=262
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 1
-- font id: 0
-- text size: 12
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 16
-- part name:
----- HyperTalk script -----
on mouseUp
if the commandKey is down then
pass mouseUp
else
set lockScreen to true
show card field "Parmenides"
show card field "Parmenides Name"
show card button "Parmenides Away"
set lockScreen to false
end if
end mouseUp
-- part 24 (field)
-- low flags: 80
-- high flags: 0002
-- rect: left=145 top=216 right=339 bottom=494
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 0
-- font id: 3
-- text size: 9
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 12
-- part name: Parmenides
-- part 25 (field)
-- low flags: 80
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=145 top=216 right=234 bottom=280
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 0
-- font id: 3
-- text size: 9
-- style flags: 256
-- line height: 12
-- part name: Parmenides Name
-- part 27 (button)
-- low flags: 00
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=269 top=107 right=258 bottom=365
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 1
-- font id: 0
-- text size: 12
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 16
-- part name:
----- HyperTalk script -----
on mouseUp
if the commandKey is down then
pass mouseUp
else
set lockScreen to true
show card field "Democritus"
show card field "Democritus Name"
show card button "Democritus Away"
show card button "Show Me"
set lockScreen to false
end if
end mouseUp
-- part 18 (button)
-- low flags: 80
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=128 top=8 right=192 bottom=324
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 1
-- font id: 0
-- text size: 12
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 16
-- part name: Averroës Away
----- HyperTalk script -----
on mouseUp
set lockScreen to true
hide card field "Averroës"
hide card field "Averroës Name"
hide card button "Averroës Away"
set lockScreen to false
end mouseUp
-- part 26 (button)
-- low flags: 80
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=146 top=217 right=338 bottom=493
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 1
-- font id: 0
-- text size: 12
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 16
-- part name: Parmenides Away
----- HyperTalk script -----
on mouseUp
set lockScreen to true
hide card field "Parmenides"
hide card field "Parmenides Name"
hide card button "Parmenides Away"
set lockScreen to false
end mouseUp
-- part 28 (field)
-- low flags: 81
-- high flags: 0002
-- rect: left=3 top=1 right=340 bottom=264
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 0
-- font id: 3
-- text size: 9
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 12
-- part name: Democritus
-- part 16 (button)
-- low flags: 80
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=5 top=191 right=338 bottom=507
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 1
-- font id: 0
-- text size: 12
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 16
-- part name: Pythagoras Away
----- HyperTalk script -----
on mouseUp
set lockScreen to true
hide card field "Pythagoras"
hide card field "Pythagoras Name"
hide card button "Pythagoras Away"
set lockScreen to false
end mouseUp
-- part 22 (button)
-- low flags: 80
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=59 top=219 right=333 bottom=351
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 1
-- font id: 0
-- text size: 12
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 16
-- part name: Empedocles Away
----- HyperTalk script -----
on mouseUp
set lockScreen to true
hide card field "Empedocles"
hide card field "Empedocles Name"
hide card button "Empedocles Away"
set lockScreen to false
end mouseUp
-- part 29 (field)
-- low flags: 81
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=3 top=1 right=16 bottom=132
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 0
-- font id: 3
-- text size: 9
-- style flags: 256
-- line height: 12
-- part name: Democritus Name
-- part 30 (button)
-- low flags: 80
-- high flags: 0000
-- rect: left=3 top=1 right=340 bottom=264
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 1
-- font id: 0
-- text size: 12
-- style flags: 0
-- line height: 16
-- part name: Democritus Away
----- HyperTalk script -----
on mouseUp
set lockScreen to true
hide card field "Democritus"
hide card field "Democritus Name"
hide card button "Show Me"
hide card button "Democritus Away"
set lockScreen to false
end mouseUp
-- part 31 (button)
-- low flags: 80
-- high flags: 8004
-- rect: left=48 top=169 right=183 bottom=117
-- title width / last selected line: 0
-- icon id / first selected line: 0 / 0
-- text alignment: 1
-- font id: 3
-- text size: 10
-- style flags: 256
-- line height: 13
-- part name: Show Me
----- HyperTalk script -----
on mouseUp
global whence
put the short name of this card into whence
visual effect dissolve fast
go card "Pythagoras Cartoon"
end mouseUp
-- part contents for card part 3
----- text -----
Pythagoras and others
-- part contents for card part 1
----- text -----
Clicking on individual figures will often bring out information about them.
Clicking on the picture while holding down the Command key will bring up some information about Raphael’s artistic plans for this group.
Click on this spot • for some general information about this group.
Clicking elsewhere in this window will make it disappear.
-- part contents for card part 5
----- text -----
The elderly philosopher reading at the left is usually identified as Pythagoras. Leaning over his left shoulder, the turbaned figure is usually said to be Averroës. The standing philosopher is differently identified by different writers. Some suggest Parmenides, others Xenocrates or Aristoxenus. The seated figure at the right is usually said to be Heraclitus, but I believe a stronger case can be made for him being Democritus. (Informa- tion about each of these figures can be found by clicking on them.)
But this group doesn’t only form a sort of who’s who of pre–Socratic • philosophers. With his characteristic cleverness, notice how Raphael has disposed them in such a way that even when our attention is attracted by this block of figures, their locations and poses provide a forceful set of lines converging toward Plato and Aristotle.
-- part contents for card part 7
----- text -----
Philosophers who lived before Socrates (d. 399 B.C.) are usually called “pre-Socratics.” Raphael has seemed to put most of these—who would, therefore, also have preceded Plato and Aristotle—in the left-hand part of the painting
(there are exceptions), with the figures on the right being philosophers who flourished after Plato and Aristotle.
-- part contents for card part 11
----- text -----
This turbaned figure is usually identified with Averroës. On the one hand, there is a small problem with his presence here: he was from Spain or Morocco, rather than Greece, and lived in the twelfth century A.D. rather than in the fifth or fourth century B.C. Nonetheless, as one of the greatest commentators on Aristotle, he deserves a place in this distinguished company, and Raphael would be aware of that, for Averroës’ interpretation of Aristotle was of profound influence not only in the Middle Ages, but in the Renaissance as well.
-- part contents for card part 14
----- text -----
This venerable figure has conventionally been identified with Pythagoras, founder of a equally venerable school of mathematical/philosophical/mystical thought. The identification has much to recommend it. Pythagoras holds an unquestionably important place in the development of Greek philosophy, and thus would be naturally the center of attention this figure is. The young man to his left holds a slate which seems to have a mathematical problem on it. Moreover, there are clear Pythagorean influences on Plato’s thought through mathematics, and these influences continued (or were believed to have continued) through the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
Of course, the facts that Pythagoras lived in Greek Italy (and never came to mainland Greece as far as we know) and lived almost two centuries before Plato make it hard for him to have been present here. But remember, it is the relationship of the philosophers Raphael is exploring. He is not trying to represent a historical, or even a possible, scene.
-- part contents for card part 15
----- text -----
Pythagoras
-- part contents for card part 17
----- text -----
Averroës
-- part contents for card part 21
----- text -----
Empedocles
-- part contents for card part 20
----- text -----
This older man looking over Pythagoras’ shoulder has been variously identified as Boethius or Empedocles. The latter is more likely, in keeping with the grouping here on the left of philosophers who were (1) generally pre-Socratic and (2) from the West. Empedocles was an early fifth-century physical philosopher from Acragas in Sicily. Like so many of the philosophers in this painting, he never came to Athens, and was dead long before Plato was born.
-- part contents for card part 25
----- text -----
Parmenides
-- part contents for card part 24
----- text -----
This standing figure has been identified as a number of different philosophers: Parmenides, Aristoxenus, Xenocrates. Of these three, Parmenides is more likely if our interpretation of this grouping is correct. Of the three, only Parmenides can be considered a pre-Socratic philosopher (he was born late in the sixth century B.C.), and he too was from Greek Italy. Parmenides, moreover, was a major philosopher in his own right and a significant influence on Plato’s philosophy. By tradition, it is he who first explored the distinction between “being” and “becoming,” a central issue in Platonism.
-- part contents for card part 29
----- text -----
Democritus
-- part contents for card part 28
----- text -----
This figure has usually been identified as Heraclitus. That won’t do: this massive figure, resting pensively on an equally massive block of stone, can hardly represent the philosopher who said “Everything moves” or “The upward way and the downward way are the same.”
But the mass of this figure, and the stone, would fit perfectly with Democritus, the first great atomist. A contemporary of Socrates, and from mainland Greece rather than Italy, Democritus doesn’t quite fit this grouping of philosophers. But, then, neither was this figure originally meant to fit: if we check the cartoon for this part of the painting, we see the figure is missing!
An explanation is not hard to find. Traditionally, this figure is taken as a portrait of Michelangelo, added in admiration of his work on the Sistine Chapel Ceiling. The block of stone is a nice portrait touch referring to Democritus’ materialism, but also to Michelangelo as sculptor, and the sculptural quality of the paintings of the Chapel Ceiling. Michelangelo as Democritus is also a nice match. Of course, since it was added late, there was no longer room for this figure on the right of the painting. On the left, though, it contributes to the sweep of lines toward Plato and Aristotle at the same time that it puts Democritus among other distinguished early philosophers.
(1994)[Mac].iso/Education/School of Athens/card_4377_render.png){kind=link}
(1994)[Mac].iso/Education/School of Athens/card_4903_render.png){kind=link}